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ORLANDO, Fla. (AP) Florida is a politically divided state. The Republicans have won the last four gubernatorial elections, but the Democrats have carried the state in the last two presidential elections. senator is a Republican, while the other is a Democrat. The Democrats hold a slight edge in voter registration.

"Human geography plays a far greater role in generating electoral bias in the United States than commonly thought," they wrote in an influential 2013 paper.

Jowei Chen of the University of Michigan and Jonathan Rodden of Stanford University say no amount of reforms to eliminate gerrymandering is going to change an inherent bias based on where people live.

Reformers in Florida have tried to stamp out gerrymandering. They successfully convinced voters in 2010 to approve two amendments to the Florida Constitution that would reduce the opportunities for lawmakers to make legislative and congressional districts that benefit one party over the other. The amendments require districts to be compact and contiguous whenever possible and to follow existing city and county boundaries. They also prohibit attempts to diminish the chances for minorities to elect a candidate of their choosing.

Some Democrats argue that the discrepancies are caused by "gerrymandering" the Republican controlled Legislature drawing districts to give the GOP Michael Kors Miranda

fewer districts than Republicans. Republican dominated districts tend to be more diverse than Democratic precincts since pro Republican rural areas often include Democrats in small cities Michael Kors 2018 Handbag Collection

Geography influences redistricting in Fla

But two political science professors say the discrepancies aren't so simple or nefarious they have used the Sunshine State to popularize their argument that large concentrations of Democrats living in cities have given Republicans a redistricting advantage not just in Florida but Michael Kors Purses Uk Sale nationwide.

But that narrow divide becomes a chasm in Florida's congressional delegation and in the Legislature. representatives are Republicans, with one vacancy that will almost assuredly be filled by a Republican. Republicans also hold a 26 14 advantage in the Florida Senate and a 76 44 margin in the state House.

Chen and Rodden argue that Democrats tend to live in densely populated cities while Republicans are more evenly scattered throughout suburban and rural areas. They also argue that Democratic precincts tend to be next to other highly Democratic precincts, more so than Republican precincts, which tend to be located in politically mixed neighborhoods.

to reach the population threshold needed to create a district.

an unfair advantage, which would be illegal under Florida law.

As a result, Democrats tend to be tightly packed into Michael Kors Bags New Arrivals

In Florida, this translates into highly Democratic districts along Florida's southeastern coast in and around Fort Lauderdale, Miami and West Palm Beach. Meanwhile Democratic precincts in interior cities like Ocala, and college towns like Gainesville and Tallahassee, are swallowed up by more rural, Republican districts, essentially drowning out Democratic votes. The lawsuit is pending, and the Florida Supreme Court ruled in December that legislators can be forced to testify in the lawsuit, setting aside a long standing privilege that legislators usually enjoy.